Pet allergy is a condition when an individual’s immune system overreacts when exposed to any breed of pets. The pets may include dog, cat, rats, mice and rabbits. Certain individuals that develop allergies from these animals have a reaction when they touch or are in the presence of these pets. The symptoms of pet allergies include itchy eyes, red eyes, breathing problems, sneezing, coughing, skin irritation or rashes and hay fever.
Allergies due to pets are caused by the gland in the animal skin that secretes protein, which causes allergic reaction in humans. The allergy triggering proteins secreted by the pets are called allergens. Allergens are present in secretions like saliva and urine of the pet. Dead skin cells of the animals that are shed can also cause allergy. The dead skins cells fall on the ground, furniture and wherever the pet sits and then starts floating in the air. When humans allergic to pets inhale air mixed with dead cells, a reaction occurs in the airways of the lungs making it difficult for them to breathe. The allergy reaction due to saliva is caused by the allergens that become air borne when the saliva dries out.
The severity of the reaction varies in each individual but if not treated or checked in time can lead to asthma.
People allergic to pets should ensure that they are not in contact with the pets and they do not keep pets at their home. In case, it is not possible, it is very important to ensure the cleanliness of the house. Allergic people should not let the pets stay in their bedroom or places they spend more time at. Carpets, upholstered furniture, mats and rugs are the reservoirs of allergens. These should be avoided in the house as the allergens can stay in these for four to six weeks. Pets should be bathed every week to reduce the level of allergens on their body.
There is no permanent treatment of pet allergy. However there are various medications given to control the symptoms. These include nasal sprays, eye drops and antihistamine pills or syrup. In case, the allergy creates asthma like symptoms, medication like bronchodilators and inhalers are given to relax the airways of the lungs.
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